hillard



F.- W. 'HILLARD.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application led Feb. 14. 1893.) (N0 Model.) 3 SheetsSheet I.

No. 6|6,840. Patented Dec. 27, |898..

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@im cw. TrEIIEIIiIIIIgHIIIEIIII No. 6|6,840. Patented Dec. 27, |898.

F. w. HlLLARD. I

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application med Peb. 14, 1893.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Inventor Win19 5 5e5= Frederic W me nofws Pneus co wom-Lima. WASHINGTON.o, c,

n No. 6|6,840. Patented Dec. 27, |898.

F'. W. HILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Appxianion mea Feb. 14, 1893A (Nu Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

WITNESS ES:

Nrn-3D STATES" PATENT rrrcn.

FREDERIC lV. HILLARD, OF NEW YORK, N.. Y.

*NPs-WRITING MAci-H.:

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 616,840, dated December27', 189.8.

Application filed `February 14, 1893. Serial No. 462,253. (No model.)

the consecutive letters printed will be separated by a convenientdistance. Vords are usually separated by one space by the operation of aspacing-bar. The last letter of every word and the first letter of thefollowing word are thus separated by double spacing. After printing aperiod it is customary to operate the spacing-bar twice before printin gthe first letter of the next sentence. 'There is thus treble spacingbetween the terminal character-say the period-of one sentence and thefirst letterl of the next sentence; but to effect this requires oneoperation ofthe period and two operations of the spacing-bar.

An important object of my invention is to procure a type-writing machinein which type characters are operated by any one of two or more keys andin which the spacing mechanism is operated by the different keys toeffect single and multiple spacing, respectively, whereby when thecharacter occurs in the body of a word it can be printed accompanied bysingle spacing by the use of one key and where the character occurs atthe end of a word it can be printed accompanied by double spacing by theuse of another key and without operating the spacing-bar. Preferablyeach key is independently connected to its type character and to thespacing mechanism, so that the multiple-spacing keys may be depressedindependently of the singlespacing keys, and vice versa. To accomplishthis object, two distinct but cooperating improvements have beennecessary, one of which relates to the means for operating the typecharacters and the other to the means for operating the spacingmechanism. These improvements are applicable with the various forms oftype-bearing mechanism and spacing mechanism known to the art.

' The improvement which has to do with the means for operating theprinting characters consists in the introduction of keys for printingthe characters when they are accompanied by multiple spacing and inconnecting such keys to operate multiple-spacing mechanism. Keys whichoperate single-spacing mechanism are also provided for printing thecharacters when they are accompanied by single spacing. Therefore theprinting characters to which this improvement is applied are providedwith a plurality of keys.

The improvement may be applied to all the printing characters or .toonly such as will derive the greatest benefit therefrom. I prefer tothus select the characters and to provide only one key each for printingthe remainder of the characters. In this specitication I haveillustrated and discussed this improvement as used in connection withcharacters that are frequently followed by multiple spacing-viz.,terminal characters.

I have found on investigation that comparatively few characters are veryfrequently followed by multiple spacing. Hence bythe addition of a smallnumber of keys the substantial benefits of multiple spacing are secured,while the disadvantages of so greatly enlarging the keyboard as would benecessary if all printing characters were provided with a plurality ofkeys are avoided.

The improvement which relates to the means for operating the spacingmechanism has for its object to procure such mechanism that only asingle key has to be depressed, Whether single or multiple spacing ishad. Thereis a plurality of keys operatively connected with asingleprinting character. These keys can be depressed independently of oneanother, and when any one of them is depressed the character will beprinted. Neither of the keys is directly connected with thespacing-rocker; but each is operatively connected with an intermediatemechanism (hereinafter broadly designated as a spacing-frame foroperatingthespacing-rocker. All of the single-spacing keys are connectedwith a single one of these mechanisms or spacing-frames. All of thedouble-spacing keys are connected with a second such mechanism, andgenerally all of the keys for a given spacing are operatively connectedwith IOO one such mechanism or spacing-frame.V The spacing-rocker is notattached to any of these spacingframes and may be operated withoutoperating any of them; but when any of the spacing-frames is operated itengages the spacing-rocker and operates it. At least one (and it may beall) of the spacing-frames first positions a stop to secure itsappropriate spacing. A

My invention comprises a construction in which a plurality of keys,preferably independent, is provided for printing each of certaincharacters, one of which keys operates the spacing mechanism so as toetfect single spacing and the other or others of which so operate thespacing mechanism as to effect multiple spacing, each being connectedwith proper mechanism forprinting the character, so that by operating asingle-spacing key I can print a character and secure single spacing andby operating a multiple-spacing key I can print the character and securemultiple spacing, or, in other words, I secure the requisite spacing bya single stroke on an independent key, together with the printing of thecharacter.

My invention also consists in the selection of the characters to beoperated in the manner above stated. It also comprises a construction inwhich one or more type-bars are each independently operated by two ormore keys for single and multiple spacing and in the introduction ofintermediate mechanisms or spacing-frames for operating the spacingmechanism.

My invention also comprises a large number of novel and usefulimprovements in the escapement mechanism, many of which improvements areequally adapted to single spacing and to multiple spacing. The inventionalso comprises various other improvements, all of which are hereinafterfully described, and pointed out in the accompanying claims. i

The mechanism shown is of the general Remington construction, exceptthat it is a three-shift instead of a two-shift machine. There is oneshift for capital letters, exclamation-points, and question-marksoperated by either one of two keys located on opposite sides of thekeyboard and each marked Cap, and there is another shift for figures andfor numerous other characters operated by a key marked Fig7 The shiftingmechanism is not shown ordescribed because it forms no essential part ofthis invention and may be of any known style; but the arrangement of thecharacters on the keyboard, the connection between the key-levers andtype-bars, and the escapement are all different from the Remingtonconstruction. These are fully illustrated and'will now be described.

. In the accompanying drawings,which form part of this specification,Figure l is aplan view of the machine looking down on its top, with thecarriage removed. Fig. 2 is a side elevation taken on the plane of theline :r

ently connectedV thereto.

of Fig'. 1. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of theI escapement. Fig. f1 is adetail showing a type-bar and two key-levers, each independ- Figs. 5 tol5, inclusive, are details of a modification of the escapement. Figs. 5,6, and 7 are positional views of the sin gie-spacing dog.

6 shows the single-spacing dog in its normal or central intermediateposition. Fig. 7 shows the single-spacing dog tripped backward out ofthe rack. Figs. 8 to l5, inclusive, are side and rear positionalelevations showing detail views of the muitiple-spacing dog of Figs. 5to l5 and of certain of the parts connected therewith. Figs. 8 and 9show the positions of the multiple-spacing dog and of the rack and ofsome of the other parts in the normal unused condition of the machine.Figs. 10 and ll show the positions of the same parts at about the middleof the dowm stroke of a treble-spacing type-key. Figs. l2 and 13 showthe positions of the same parts at about the end of the downstroke of atreble-spacing type-key-viz., either just before or just at or justafter the instant of the printing, according to the adjustments of themachine. Figs. llt and l5 showthe positions of the same parts at aboutthe end of the downstroke of asingle-spacingtype-key;e viz., either justbefore or just at or just after the instant of printing.

In order to save the necessity for operating the spacing-bar at the endof words and sentences, I provide multiple-spacing mechanism,hereinafter more fully described, and keys for printing certaincharacters where they occur as terminals and for properly op erating themultiple-spacing mechanism. To aid in the selection of the charactersfor which such provision is to be made, I state the following resnlts ofinvestigation: I find that almost all words in common use in the Englishlanguage end with some one of nineteen letters-viz., small a, 0, d, e,f, $5 7! 6 9, (C 5) 77 (C 7 C 7! (i 77 C( 77 ug, cchzacc lvcc 17; In 7n, O', c n

r, s, t, W, and y, and capital I. In type-writing terminal letters arefollowed by eXtra spaces or by punctuation-marks, which are followed byextra spaces. To the letters above enumerated, therefore, should theforegoing characters, with f, o, 13 and y, cover about seven-eighths ofthe extra spacing, and with the further addition of a, g, h, and l coverabout ninety- Fig. 5 showsthe singlelspacing dog drawn forward. Fig.

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Iive per cent. of all extra spacing. The number of characters for whichmultiple-spacing keys are provided may be varied to suit the preferenceof different makers or different operators,and if so desired all of thecharacters may be provided with a plurality of keys. I do not Wish tolimit myself to providing double-spacing keys for any particular set ofletters.

In my machine I provide two key-levers for each type-bar which carriesone or more of these letters, and I distribute on these typebars suchother characters as are most frequently followed in printing by doublespacing-viz., the figures, (O to 9,) the terminal parenthesis, theunderscore, the characters representing the words number,7 (ze) dollar,per centum, and, (t cents, ((15,) and degrees, (o.) As shown in Fig. l,the keys corresponding to these characters are located in the upper andlower rows and at the right-hand end of the middle row of the keyboard.These keys are all shaded alike in Fig. l and in the actual machine maybe given a distinctive color or form. Vhen one of these shaded keys isdepressed to print a character onthe attached type-bar, the character isprinted and the escapement effects double spacing. If to print the samecharacter the corresponding single-spacing key is depressed, theprinting is followed by single spacing. The period, questionmark, andcolon are frequently followed by two extra spaces in printing, and Ihave therefore provided a special type-bar which carries all three ofthese characters and have connected the corresponding keylever in acombination whereby the desired one of these characters is printed andtreble spacing is effected on depression of this keylever. The key onthis key-lever is next to the right-hand-end key in the next to thelowest row of keys.

I have placed the period in the middle place on the type-bar connectedwith the treblespacing key-lever, so that it can be printed after asmall letter without shifting the carriage. After the period is printedwith this key the next character printed is usually a capital letter, toprint which the carriage must be shift-ed. I therefore place the capitalshiftkey immediately in front of this treble-spacing key, as is shown inFig. l: The keys are arranged in rows, rising from the front to the backof the machine. The play of each key is such that when depressed it isabout on a level with the row in front.

The operatorin order to close one sentence and shift for the capitalwhich begins the next sentence has only to depress the treblespacing keyand then draw his finger forward onto the shift-key and depress it.

If it is desired to print a period after a small letter and follow it bya single space, it is necessary to depress the treble spacing key andthe key marked Space together. These two keys are therefore placed sideby side.

If the key marked Space is depressed by itself, it effects singlespacing without printing any character.

On account of the large and varied use of vthe period I have forconvenience and speed also provided a type bar with the period in twopositions, so as tobe in place for printing when the machine is shiftedfor either capitals or for figures, and I have connected this type-barwith a single-spacing key-lever and also with a double-spacingkey-lever. intermediate position on the typebar is occupied by a comma,which, therefore, prints on depression of either of the key-leversconnected with this type-bar without shifting.

It is obvious that all the frequent terminal characters might, like theperiod, be provided with a plurality of independent type-bars and that Imight connect a single -spacing key with one of these type-bars and amultiplespacing key or keys with other of these typebars. It is in thecase of terminals other than the period cheaper and better to place eachcharacter on a single type-bar; but I do not in my broader claims limitmyself to placing the selected terminal characters on only one type-bareach; but I wish it to be understood that this part of my invention inits broadest aspect consists, essentially, as above stated, in providingeach character to which the invention is applied with a plurality ofkeys, preferably independent, each of which operates proper mechanismfor printing the character, the different keys operating the spacingmechanism for different spacings.

lVhere in the claims I specify that a plurality of keys is connectedwith the typebearing mechanism to print the same character I wish to beunderstood as referring to the character as it occurs in the line ofprint and not to the type, since I do not intend to limit myself bythese expressions to the use of only one type for each character. Theremay be a plurality of type as well as of keys for the same character-e.g., each key may be connected with a different type, all the type beingof the same character. Thus, for example, I have shown three keys,either of which may be used to print the period Two of these keys areconnected with a typehea'd which carries two period-type, one for eachkey. The third key is connected with another period-bearing type-head.Hence there are three keys and three period-type with which the keys arerespectively connected, but each of the period-keys prints the samecharacter-viz., the period,

Upon a suitable frame l are mounted the key-levers 2. Such type-bars ascarry no double-spacing characters are connected each with a singlekey-lever in the usual way. Such type-bars as carry double-spacingcharacters are each connected with two key-levers, so that either willoperate the type-bar independently of and without moving the other. Thisis accomplished, as shown in Fig. 4, by connecting the twokey-leverswith The IOO

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the type-bar by a wire, in the lower end of l which there is an openloop 3, that passes through a loop on the upper edge of each of thekey-levers.

The escapement is of the general form shown in my United States PatentNo. 580, 281, dated April G, 1897. There is a swinging rack a engagingalternately with two dogs, one a spacing-dog 5 and the other adetaining-dog 6, or performing the functions of these dogs, though int-he modification shown in Figs. 5 to 15 both dogs are reciprocable inthe line of feed to effect the spacing. The rack normally meshes withthe detainingdog and is swung in and out by contact with screws 7 and 8in arms on the upper end of the rockerframe 9, one screw pushing therack in and the other pushing it out.

The spacing-dog is supported on a pivot 10, and when the rocker-frame isswung in is spaced back by the pressure of an impulsespring 11 upon afixed holder 12. To accomplish this, the impulse-spring should besupported by the holder and operatively connected with the spacing-dogoff from the line of the axis of the rocker-frame, the spring beingsupported independently of the rocker. In the foregoing respects theescapement is like that of the above-named Patent No. 580,281, except inthe substitution of animpulse-spring for a rigid arm to cam back thespacing-dog. There are certain other differences between the mechanismherein shown and that of the above-named patent, and these will now bedescribed.

Instead of a universal bar I provide several spacing-frames (three beingshown) mounted on pivots on standards on the sides of the base of themachine. Each frame operates the rocker-frame and in a distinctivemanner effects the spacing. Each is operated by certain of thekey-levers and not by others. The rear ends of these frames lie abovethe key-levers and the front ends lie under the key-levers. The outerframe 13 operates the rocker-frame by impinging upon a point 14E on therear thereof and causes the spacingdog to be spaced back the maximumdistance, say three spaces. This frame is operated only by thetreble-spacing key-lever, which is connected with the type-bar carryingthe period, colon, and question-mark. The two other spacing-framesextend under all of the key-levers; but eac-h is operated. only by suchkey-levers as have teats 16 1G projecting downward over it. Then eitherof these spacing-frames is operated, a projection 17 17 thereon pushesup one of two springcontrolled stop-dog rods 15 15 until its end comesflush with the body of the rockerframe. This positions the rod back ofthe spacing dog and determines the spacing, which is either single ordouble, according to the spacing-frame and corresponding stopdog rodoperated. Vhen the end ofthe stopdog rod is thus positioned, furthermovement of the spacing-frame swings the rocker on its -frames effectsthe single spacing, the inneil of the three, 19, effects the doublespacing, and the outer one, 13, effects the treble spacing.

The general operation of the escapement is as follows: The rack isnormallyin mesh with the detaining-dog G, Fig. 2. When one of thespacing-,frames engages the body of the rocker-frame and while it isswinging it inward, the rack is pushed inward by the outer screw on therocker-frame. 'l` he adjustment of this screw will determine whether therack is thrown olf from the detaining-dog and onto the spacing-dogduring the stroke of the key or not 5 butthis exchange of dogs is sureto occur on return of the rocker-frame, if not effected before, becausethe rack when swung in engages with a spring 20, attached to themachine-frame. This spring presses upon the rack and prevents its beingreturned except by a push from the inner screw of the rocker-frame. Thedetaining-dog is also mounted upon an axis 21, so as to render itcapable of adjustment relative to the normal position of the spacing-dogand also so that it will trip off to allow the carriage to be pushedback. Its position in this respect is controlled by a set-screw 22,which bears upon its front face, andV by the spacing-spring 27, whichholds it forward against the set-screw. Another adjustable set-screw 23limits the forward movement of the spacing-dog. The rocker-frame, afterbeing swung in by de pression of a key, is swung back on release of thekey by force of a spring 24 and by other means hereinafter described.

In spacing the carriage the difficulty encountered is that it may nothave time to travel the whole distance each time a key is de,- pressedin rapid writing, so that the spacing between letters will be inaccurateor the letters will be printed the one over the other. This difficultycan be overcome in several ways. Thus I may use the latch 25, whichafter the carriage has been released prevents the rocker-frame and therack from swinging back far enough to effect the rengagement of the rackand the detaining-dog before the carriage has moved far enough to assureits traveling its proper distance. As the carriage moves forward withthe spacing-dog a pin 26 on the dog throws back the latch and releasesthe rocker-frame, which is then returned to its normal position,as abovedescribed. Figs. 5 to 15 show another way of overcoming this difiicultyby dividing the feed of the carriage. This also gives a smoother feed.The latch may be omitted and is not shown in these fig- IOC IIO

lires, but it is applicablel to the construction of these figures.

In Figs. 5 to 15, inclusive, both dogs are spacing-dogs. The dog 6,which performs the functions of the detaining-dog of the other figures,reciprocates through the distance of a single space only and is calledthe singlespacing dog. The other dog 5n reciprocates through thedistance of one or more spaces and is called the multiple-spacing77 dog.

Vhen the machine is at rest, the multiplespacing dog is one space backof the singlespacing dog in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig.5.

Then the rack is thrown off the singlespacing dog and onto themultiple-spacing dog, the former is moved by force of a spring 27aM fromthe position of Fig. 5 to the position of Fig. 6. If a multiple-spacingkey is struck, the multiple-spacing dog is thrown back by pressure ofspring 11 one or two spaces, and when the rack is thrown onto themultiplespaeing dog it will space forward the one or two spaces, then bethrown ontothe singlespacing dog and move forward another space tonormal position. If a single-spacing key is struck, themultiple-spacingdog is stopped by the single-'spacing-stop-dog rod and prevented fromspacing, and the carriage is held thereby until the rack is thrown backonto the single-spacing dog, when the carriage moves forward one space.

By having the impulse-spring 1l fastened to holder 12 the spacing-dog 5or 5a is prevented from accidentally tipping backward during the normalunused condition of the machine, while the dog is disengaged from therack.

In this specification and in the accompanying claims I designate by theterm impulsespring that spring which spaces and controls thereciprocating element (shown in Figs.

I1 to 4 as the spacing-dog and in Figs. 5 and 15 as the single-spacingdog and the double-v` spacing dog) when the reciprocating element isdisengaged from the other member of the escapement, (shown as the rack.)I use the term impulse-spring to distinguish it fromv thecarriage-propelling spring, (not sl1own,) which usually provides themotive power for feeding the carriage, and which is known as the mainspring. I wish to include within the meaning of the term impulse-spring,besides the spring whichy I show, the various forms of springs forspacing the reciprocating element known to the art.

The impulse-spring 27 and the impulsespring 11 are in effect mechanicalequivalents of one another, since either one may be so disposed as tospace the dog to a definite position and hold it there and also returnit to that position when it has been spaced out of it in eitherdirection. I do not wish to limit myself narrowly to the use of animpulsespring of any particular form for spacing the reciprocatingelement to a central and riormal position and for holding it there andalso for returning it to that position when it has been spaced out of itin either direction forward or backward. Neither do I wish to limitmyself narrowly to the use ot' any particular form of impulse-spring forspacing the reciprocating element forward when the rocker-frame is innormal position and for spacing it backward when the rocker-frame isoperated. y

I have shown the impulse-spring 11 fastened by means of screw 31 at oneend to arm 28 of the dogs 5 and 5 and at the other end to the fixedholder 12, so as to space the dogs both forward and backward on therockerframe when the rocker is moved on its pivot 29; but I do not wishto limit myself by the term supportedindependently of the rockerin thebroadest aspect of the impulse-spring to fastening the spring at one endto the dog and at the other end to the fixed holder, for it is obviousthat anyrspring which may be fiexed by the dog upon the movement of therocker-frame and that is held for such fiexu re by a fixed stop willtend to space the dog backward upon the swinging of the rockerframe andto return the rocker-frame to normal position; but by fastening theimpulsespring 1l to the fixed stop 12 by the screw 32, as shown, the dogwill also be thrown forward by the spring upon .the return of therocker- Vframe to normal position and be retained at such forwardposition thereby until spaced rearwardly, .as above described. In mysaid Patent No. 580,281 the dog-camming arm is not fastened to the fixedsupport against which it presses to space the dog backward when therocker-frame is swung inwardly, and therefore that camming-arm is noteffective for holding the dog forward, but only for spacing it backward.It is also obvious that the farther inward the rocker-frame is swung theharder impulse-spring 11 presses dog 5 or 5 backward. The impulse-springexerts a yielding pressure to cam the dog backward, which pressureconstantly augments as the rocker-frame swings inwardly upon its pivot29 and is greatest when the rocker-frame is at the extreme limit of itsinward movement, j ust at the instant ot' printing, when the typekey isfullydepressed; butat about this time-- viz., about the instant ofprinting-the rack is preferably also swung inwardly far enough todisengage from dog 6 or 6a and to engage with d og 5 or 5a. When thisoccurs, the full tension of the carriage-mainspring is exerted on dog 5or 5 to space the dog forward. Therefore at this time the full tensionof the impulse-spring is exerted to hold the dog at the limit of itsbackward spacing and the full tension of the mainspring is exerted tospace the dog forward to the limit of its forward spacing; but duringthe return movement of the rocker-frame, after the release of thetype-key, while the tension of the mainspring exerted to space the dogforward remains constant, the backward pressure exerted by theimpulse-spring on the dog con stantly diminishes until the return of therocker-frame to normal position. It is also obvious that at thc end ofthe downstroke if a treble-spacing key is depressed and dog 5 or 5spaced backward into engagement with the treble-spacing stop 30 springll. will then exert less pressure to hold the dog at the limitof itsbackward movement than it would if a double-spacing key or asinglespacing key had been depressed and one of the stop-dog rods l5 l5thereby interposed in the path of the dog to limit its backward spacing.This is true because in moving dog 5 or 5 forward on the rocker-framethe arm 2S of the dog is thereby depressed, so that an additionaltension is imparted to spring l1. IIence it follows that the mainspringmay gradually space the dog forward as the rocker-frame is rockedoutwardly during the return of the parts to normal position. I havefound in practice that such adjustment of the two springs results in avery smooth and rapid carriage feed.

It will be observed that I accomplish the above-enumerated results withspring 11 by supporting the spring independently of the rocker 0. Itherefore intend to claim, broadly, herein an impulse-spring whichexerts a dierential tension at different parts of the stroke for spacingthe dog backward and for controlling it in its position at the limit ofits backward spacing.

Figs. 5, G, and 7 illustrate in detail the construction and operation ofthe single-spacing dog 6.

Referring to Fig. 5, the dog G is shown at the limit of its forwardmovement in engagement with screw 22. This position shows the parts withdog 6 engaged with rack t. Rack at is drawn forward in the directionindicated by the arrow on the rack by the pull of the carriage-mainspring until the engagement of the sin gie-spacing dog with screw 22 preventsany further movement of the rack. In this figure the position which themultiple-spacing dog 5 would occupy in the normal unused condition ofthe machine is indicated by dotted lines, which show the dog oneracktooth back of the single-spacing dog. The multiple-spacing dog isshown in full lines two teeth farther back on the rack in engagementwith stop 30. Fig. 5 therefore shows the position of the parts duringthe depression of a multiple-spacing key after dog 5 has been spacedbackward by spring 1l into engagement with dog-stop 30, but before rack-f has been swung by screw 7 out of engagement with dog G and intoengagement with dog 5.

Fig. G shows the positions of the parts after screw 7 has swung rack 4off from dog G onto dog 5 and after the rack has been fed forward in thedirection indicated by the arrow thereon until dog 5 has been broughtinto contact with screw 23, which limits its forward movement. This viewshows the normal intermediate or central position which is assumed bydog (3 under the influence of spring 27 when dog (3 is disengaged fromthe rack. In this position the spring 27 is held under tension betweenthe upper and lower faces 35 and 3G on the stop-piece 37, which isrigidly fixed to the spacing-rocker- The spring 27 also engages with thelower and upper faces 33 and 30 on the dog G. lVashers 33 and 34: areprovided at the bottom and top of spring 27 for engagement with faces35, 36, 33, and 30. The compression of spring 27 between the faces 35,3G, 38, and 39 prevents the spring from falling out of its place in thestop-piece 37, and washers 33 and 34E provide points of contact betweenthe spring and the faces above enumerated on the stop-piece and on thedog. Thecompression of the spring between faces 35, 36, 38, and 39 isalso requisite in order to support the overhanging weight of dog G inits central normal position when the dog is out of engagement with therack. Vhenever dog 6 is moved either forward or backward out of itscentral normal position the spring 27 will be still further compressedbetween one of the two faces on the fixed stop 37 and one of the twofaces on the dog. In the central normal position shown in Fig. (i theWasher 33 at the bottom of spring 27 engages with the face 36 of thefixed stop and also with the face 3S of the dog and washer 341. at thetop of the spring engages with the face 35 of the stop-piece and theface 39 of the dog. In the position shown in Fig. 5, with the dog pulledforward into engagement with screw 22, the faces 33 and 39 on the doghave been lifted up above and out of line with the faces 35 and 3G' ofthe fixed stop. Therefore the washer 33 has been lifted up out of itsengagement with face 3G and face 3!) has been lifted up out-of itsengagement with washer 34. Hence the washer 34 only engages with face 35of the fixed stop and washer 33 only engages with face 33 of the dog,thereby still further compressing spring 27 and imparting an increasedtension thereto.

It follows from the above that as the spring is normally held undertension between the faces 35 and 36 on the stop-piece 37, and whileunder this tension is also held between the faces 33 and 39 of the dog,the dog will be held in its normal position under tension by a mechanismwhich tends to throw it in opposite direction, but whose opposingtendencies neutralize each other when the dog is in the normal positionshown in Fig. (l. This is important not only as giving the dog a quickreturn when moved in either direction, but also as obvia-ting thelooseness which would result were the dog merely returned to its normalposition by a spring mechanism, and the action above described thereforeresults in accurately centering the dog.

Fig. 7 shows the positions of the parts while the rack is beingretracted to the left (in the direction of the arrow in that figure) tore- ICC IIC

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turn the carriage to the starting-point for a new line of print. In thisposition the dog 6 is in line with rack-l and has been swung backwardand down, thereby compressing spring 27 between faces 36 of the 'fixedstop and 39 of the dog and disengaging the spring from faces 35 of thefixed stop and 3S of the dog. In this position, therefore, an additionaltension has been imparted to spring 272 Hence it is obvious that spring27 always tends to return the dog 6 to its central normal positionwhenever the dog has been moved out of that position either forward orbackward,and that the resiliency of the spring tends to always holdwasher 33 in engagement with faces 36 and 3S and washer 34 in engagementwith faces 35 and 30, thereby holding dog 6 securely in its normalintermediate position until force is applied to the dog to move iteither forward or backward out of said position, and that by applicationof force to dog 6a the tension of spring 27a may be overcome and the dogmoved both forward and backward out of its intermediate position. Bythis construction I am enabled to make my single-spacing dog in onepiece and to control it in its central intermediate position by springmechanism comprising spring 27a, the washers 33 and 34, and the faces35, 36, 3S, and 39, which spring mechanism is mounted wholly on thespacing-rocker and admits of the movement of the dog about its pivot 2lboth forward and backward on the rocker.

I do not herein claim, broadly, a spring on the rocker-frame for spacinga pivoted dog forward thereon and means for spacing the dog backward, asthat is broadly claimed in my Patent No. 554,874; but I claim herein animpulse-spring or spring mechanism which holds a pivoted dog on therocker in a normal central or intermediate position between the limitsof its forward and backward vibrations on the rocker and which returnsthe dog to its normal central position after movement to either sidethereof.

Since dog 5 is positioned by spring 1l irrespective of the position ofdog 6a and dog 6 is positioned by spring 27a irrespective of theposition of dog 5, it follows that each of the dogs is positionedindependently of the other. By the term pivoted dog or spacing-dog i asI use those terms in this speci- Iication and in the accompanying claimsI intend to cover reciprocating elements which are generally known inthe art as the equivalents of such dogs.

The escapement `herein shown is wid ely adaptable to suit the preferenceof the operator or the work to be accomplished. The carriage can bereleased so as to be free to traverse any part or all of the space to betraversed either before or at or after the instant of printing, and thewhole distance can be traversed at once or divided up into steps.

In my United States Patent No. 577,982, dated March 2, 1897, Ihavedescribed what I designate as a repulser. This repulser may be delinedas a spring or other force which is brought to bear on the type-keyafter the key has vbeen so far depressed as to start the type-bar on itsexcursion to the printing-center and after the carriage has beenreleased sufficiently to begin its letter-space feed, and its functionis to cause the operator to lift his finger before any blurring in theprint can take place.

A notable advantage of my present construction consists in the repulsereffect which I thereby secure.

The impulse-spring 1l spaces dog 5, Figs. 2 and 3, and 5a, Figs. 5 tol5, backward by the force of the blow on the key during the depressionof the key. This introduces a slight repulser effect. The positioning ofeither of the stop-dog rods 15 l5 by the single-spacing keys or by thedouble-spacing keys limits the backward spacing of the dog,therebylargely increasing the repulser effect on the key, since thespring 1l must then be flexed.

If the parts in the escapement be 'so adjusted that the rack is thrownoff from dog 6a onto dog 5a while the key is being depressed,

the carriage may immediately begin its letter-face feed, the dog 5 beingpulled forward with the rack by the force of the carriage-mainspring. Inthis case spring ll will be fully liexed, and therefore the fullrepulser effect will be brought to bear on the key. I-Ience the operatorwill naturally lift his linger before any blurring in the print canoccur.

The forces that iieX the spring ll-viz., the blow on the key and thepull of the mainspring-cooperate not only to produce the repulser effecton the key, but also in conjunction with spring 24 to reengage the rackwith the dog 6a. The exing of spring ll tends to return the rocker-frame9 to its normal position, and to thereby rengage the rack with dog 6,and since the flexing of spring ll is caused by the pull of themainspring and the blow on the key it is obvious that the pull of themainspring and the force of the blow on the key cooperate in restoringthe rockerframe to normal position and in rengaging the rack with dog 6aafter the release of the key. Hence the pull of the mainspring assistsAin rengaging the disengaged members in the escapement, therebyincreasing the speed of the carriage feed and lessening the force of theblow on the key required to operate the escapement. The pull of themainspring also assists the key-lever spring in lifting the key afterits depression. IIence the key is lifted more easily and rapidly. Thepull of the mainspring may also assist in more rapidly returning thetype-bars into the basket, where they normally rest when not in use. Themainspring does not, however, assist in returning the type-bars whichare connected with two key-levers, because the loop 3 in theconnecting-wire prevents the force from being transmitted from thekeylever to the type-bar.

My present construction differs from that IOO IIO

of my Patent No. 580,281 in this respect, that while the carriage is notreleased in the former construction until after the release of the keyin my present construction the car riage may be freed, as abovedescribed, as soon as the rack is thrown onto the spacingdog. Theconstruction herein and in said Patent No. 580,281 are similar in thatthe spacing-dog in each is cammed back by the force of the blow on thekey, and the repulser effect is thereby transmitted to the key in eachinstance. In mysaid Patent No. 580,281 the carriage can be cammedbackward by the camming of the dog, while in the present constructionthe dog is cammed backward and the carriage may or may not be cammedbackward, according to the relative tensions of the impulse-spring andof the mainspring; but in both constructions the mainspring assists inrengaging the normally-engagin g members in the escapement.

I wish to call particular attention to the synchronal action of theworking parts of the type-writer in my construction. In formerconstructions the various moving parts have been returned to theirnormal positions, after the printing', by independent forces. Thus thekey-lever and type-bar have been returned by one spring, the dogcarryingrockerframe by another spring, and the carriage has been fed forward bystill another spring. Unless the tensions of these three springs wereadjusted with the greatest nicety relatively to one another there wouldbe a lack of synchronism between them. Either the carriage would feedtoo slowly, causing the letter-spacing to be imperfect, or therockerframe would not be returned quickly enough to release the carriageand give the mai nsprin g sufficient time for feeding the carriage, orelse the key-lever and type-bar would be returned to their normalpositions too slowly, and consequently the Vsucceeding type bar would bein danger of colliding with one which was being returned into thebasket. Therefore no matter how speedy some of the parts mightl be theslowest working part would determine the speed of the machine, and atthe same time unnecessary labor would be re quired to operate themachine because of the greater tensions on the more speedy parts.

In this specification and in the claims I use the terms engaging anddisengaging members in the escape ment in a very general sense,intending to include thereby the construction in which one of theengaging members is providedwith two elements, herein shown as two dogs,which alternately engage and disengage with the other member, hereinshown as a rack. I designate the members as in engagement when they arein their normal positions of rest and as f disengaged when they are inthe positions opposite thereto. For a further discussion of thedefinition of these terms I would refer to the discussion and definitionof the terms in my above-mentioned United States Patent, No. 554,874.

By the term type-bearing mechanism I mean the vehicle of all thecharacters-e. g., a wheel or the whole set of type-bars. By the termtype-bearer I mean the vehicle of a single character-e g., a singletype-bar or a wheel considered as the vehicle of a single character. Ido not, however, wish to so limit these terms as to include within theirscope only wheel and type-bar machines, as it is immaterial what theform of the vehicle of the characters lnay be.

That I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, two keys,means for connecting both of the keys to the said type-bar whereby eachkey operates the same type-bar to print the same character, spacingmechanism, means for connecting one of the keys therewith for uniform orordinary spacing, and means for connecting the other key with thespacing mechanism to effect double or extra spacing, substantially asdescribed.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, two keys,means for connecting both of the keys to the said type-bar whereby eachkey operates the same type-bar to print the same character, spacingmechanism including a spacing-dog, a stop normally in inoperativeposition relatively to the dog, means operated by one of the keys forspacing the dog and bringing the dog and the stop into relativelyoperative position to elfect uniform or ordinaryspacing, and meansoperated by the other key for spacing the dog to effect double or extraspacing, substantially as described.

3. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, two keys,means for connecting both of the keys to the said type-bar whereby eachkey operates the same type-bar to print the same character, spacingmechanism including a spacing-dog, two stops normally in inoperativeposition relatively tothe dog, means operated by one of the keys forspacing the dog and bringing the dog and a stop into relativelyoperative position to effect uniform or ordinary spacing, and meansoperated by the other key for spacing the dog IOC IIE

and bringing the other stop into relatively operative position to effectdouble or extra spacing, substantially as described.

4. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, two keys,means for independently connecting both of the keys to the said type-barwhereby each key independently operates the same type-bar to print thesame character, spacing mechanism, means for connecting one of the keystherewith for uniform or ordinary spacing, and means for connecting theother key with the spacing mechanism to effect double or extra spacing,substantially as described.

5. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, tWo keys,means for independently connecting both of the keys to the same type-barwhereby each key independ- 'ently operates the same type-barto print thesame character, spacing mechanism including a spacing-dog, a stopnormally in inoperative position relatively to the dog, means operatedby one of the keys for spacing the dog and bringing the dog and the stopinto relatively operative position to eifect uniform or ordinaryspacing, and means operated by the other key for spacing the dog` toeffect double or extra spacing, substantially as described.

0. In a type-writing machine, the combina- -tion of a type-bar, twokeys, means for independently connecting both of the keys to the sametype-bar whereby each key independently operates the same type-bar toprint the same character, spacing mechanism including a spacing-dog, twostops normally in inoperative position relatively to the dog, meansoperated by one of the keys for spacing the dog and bringing the dog andone of the stops into relatively operative position to effect uniform orordinary spacing, and means operated by the other key for spacing thedog and bringing` the dog and the other stop into relatively operativeposition to effect double or eXtra spacing, substantially as described.

7. In a type-writin g machine, the combination of type-bearing mechanismhaving a series of characters that are frequently doublespacingcharacters, means for connecting two keys to each of these characterswhereby both keys of each pair operate the type-bearing mechanism toprint the same character, a second series of characters on thetype-bearing mechanism that are not frequently doublespacing characters,means for connecting one key with each of these characters, spacingmechanism, means for connecting one of the keys connected with the firstseries of characters therewith to effect double or extra spacing, andmeans whereby the other key of each pair connected with the first seriesof characters and the keys connected with the second series ofcharacters operate the spacing mechanism for uniform or ordinaryspacing, sub-l stantially as described.

S. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-barson which are the characters that are frequently terminal characters,means for connecting two keys to each of these type-bars whereby bothkeys of each pair operate the same type-bar to print the same character,a second series of type-bars on which are the characters that are notfrequently terminal characters, means for connecting one key with eachof these characters, spacing mechanism, means for connecting one of thekeys connected with each of the first series of type-bars therewith toeffect double or extra spacing, and means whereby the other key of eachpair connected with the first series of type-bars and the keys connectedwith the second series of type-bars operate the spacing mechanism foruniform or ordinary spacing, substantially as described.

9. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a keyboard having threerows of keys adjacent to one another with their keys arranged in theorder of the Remington standard keyboard and connected with single-spacing mechanism, and a row of keys back of the three said rowsconnected with frequently double-spacing characters and withdoublespacing mechanism, substantially as described.

lO. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a keyboard havingthree rows of keys adjacent to one another with their keys arranged inthe order of the Remington standard keyboard and connected withsingle-spacing mechanism, a row of keys back ofl the three said rowsconnected with typebars which carry frequently terminal letters andconnected with double-spacing mechanism, and a row of keys in front ofthe three said rows connected with type-bars which carry frequentlyterminal letters and connected with double-spacing mechanism,substantially as described.

11. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a vibratory rockerand a reciproeating element, an impulse-spring which connects thereciprocating element with a holder and which is so disposed that thereciprocating element is held normally forward thereby when thevibratory rocker is in normal position, and is spaced backward by theimpulse-spring when the vibratory rocker is operated, substantially asdescribed.

l2. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a dog-carryingrocker-frame with a spacing-dog mounted thereon and an impulsespringwhich connects the dog with a fixed holder, and which is so disposedthat the dog is held normally forward thereby when the rocker-frame isin 4normal position, and is spaced backward by the impulse-spring whenthe rocker-frame is operated, substantially 'as described.

- 13. In a type-writer escapement comprising two engaging members one ofwhich can be spaced step by 'step with respectto and under control ofthe other, the combination of a vibratory rocker and a reciprocatingelement, an impulse-spring which connects the reciprocating element witha holder, and which is so disposed that the reciprocating element isheld forward thereby when the vibratory rocker is in normal position,and is spaced backward by the impulse-spring when the vibratory rockeris operated, and a stop to limit the spacing of the reciprocatinglelement, normally out of the path of the reciprocating element, butwhich is positioned in the path of the reciprocating element when thevibratory rocker isoperated, substantially as described.

14. In a typewriter escapement,the combination of a vibratory rocker anda reciprocating element, two yielding and spring-controlled stops whichnormally hold the reciprocating element in a position intermediatebetween the limits of its forward and backward vibration, and means tolimit the move- IOO IIO

ment of the said yielding stops and determine their normal positions,substantially as described.

15. In a type-writerescapem ent, the combination of a dog-carryingrocker-frame and a spacing-dog mounted thereon, two yielding andspring-controlled stops on the rockerframe which normally hold the dogin a position intermediate between the limits of its forward andbackward vibration, and a fixed stop to limit the movement of the saidyielding stops and determine their normal positions, substantially asdescribed.

16. In an escapement mechanism, the combination with a spaced member, ofa pivoted dog engaging therewith, and a spring normally under tensionholding the dog in a central intermediate position but permitting it tobe moved to either side of such position, substantially as described.

17. In an escapement mechanism, the combination with a spaced member, ofa spacingrocker and a pivoted dog mounted thereon, spring mechanismnormally under tension mounted wholly on the rocker, holding the dog ina central intermediate position thereon and returning it to the saidcentral position when moved to either side thereof, substantially asdescribed.

18. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a rack, aspacing-rocker and a pivoted dog mounted thereon and capable ofoccupying three diiterent positions, and a spring stop mechanism on therocker, normally under tension, and tending to keep the dog in thecentral or intermediate position on the rocker.

l0. In an escapement, the combination of a pivoted dog and a fixedbracket, the dog and bracket each having oppositely-disposed faces and asingle spring contained between the two faces on the dog and bracket,substantially as described.

20. In an escapement mechanism, the combination of a pivoted dog and afixed bracket, the dog and bracket each having oppositelydisposed facesthereon, a spring contained between the said faces, and normally bearingthereon to maintain the dog in a central normal position, substantiallyas described.

2l. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a pivoted dog, twoyielding and spring-controlled stops which normally hold the pivoted dogin a position intermediate between the limits of its forward andbackward vibration, and means to limit the movement of the yieldingstops and determine their normal positions, substantially as described.

22. In an escapement, the combination with a rack of a pivoted dog whichengages therewith and is made in a single piece, and asingle spring forholding the dog normally under tension in a central intermediateposition and for returning the dog into that position after movement toeither side thereof, substantially as described.

23. In an escapem ent, the combination with a rack of a spacing-rockerand a pivoted dog mounted thereon which is made in a single piece andengages with the rack, and a spring mechanism mounted wholly on thespacingrocker for holding the dog normally under tension on the rockerina cen trai intermediate posit-ion and for returning the dog into thatposition after movement to either side thereoi", substantially asdescribed.

24. In an escapement, the combination with a rack of a spacing-rockerand a pivoted dog mounted thereon, a spring supported independently ofthe rocker but operatively connected with the dog to hold the rocker inits normal position and to return it to its normal position when it hasbeen moved, substantially as described.

25. In a type-writer escapem ent, the combination of a spacing-rocker, apivoted dog mounted thereon and a spring supported independently of therocker for positioning said dog, substantially as described.

26. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a spacing-rocker, apivoted dog mounted thereon, a spring supported independently of therocker for positioning said dog, and a stop for limiting the movement ofthe dog on the rocker, substantially as described.

27. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a spacing-rocker, apivoted dog mounted thereon and a spring for both positioning the rockerand positioning the dog in relation thereto, substantially as described.

28. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a power-propelledcarriage and an escapement, a spring connected with said escapement, akey for moving the escapement against the spring, and means for bringingthe carriage propelling power into action through said escapemen t-spring to lift the key when the key is depressed, substantially as described.

29. In an escapement, the combination with a rack of a spacing-rockerand a pivoted dog mounted thereon which engages with the rack and moveson its pivot to clt'ect the spacing, andv a spring supportedindependently of the rocker for positioning the dog, said dog comprisingan arm which engages with the rack, and an arm operatively connectedwith the spring, and a pivotal portion.

30. In an escapement, the combination of two pivoted dogs, each of whichmoves upon its pivot'aud permits a partof the spacing movement, and oneof which has a normal central position irrespective of the position otthe other dog and can be moved to either side of said central position,substantially as described.

3l. In an escapement, the combination of twoindependently-spring-positioned pivoted dogs, one of said dogs beingnormally heldin a central intermediate position and capable of` movementto either side thereof, substantially as described.

32. In an escapement, the combination of a spacing-rocker, two pivoteddogs mounted thereon, one of which is spring-supported in` a centralintermediate position upon the rocker, and the other of which has aspring supported independently of the rocker, substantially asdescribed.

33. In an escapement, the combination of two pivoted dogs, each of whichmoves on its pivot to effect the spacing, and a spring supportedindependently of the rocker for positioning one of said dogs,substantially as described.

34. In a type-writer escapement, the cornbination of two engagingmembers one of which can be spaced forward step by step and one of whichcomprises two letter-spacing elements, one of which elementsreciprocates in a direction opposite to that in which the spaced memberis advanced to permit the spaced member to be fed forward oneletterspace at a time, and the other of which elements reciprocates in adirection opposite to that in which the spaced member is advanced t'opermit the spaced member to be fed forward an additional letter-spacefor double spacing, substantially as described.

35. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a rack member whichcan be spaced forward step by step and a dog member which engagestherewith and comprises two letter-spacing dogs, one of which dogsreciprocates in a direction opposite to that in which the rack member isadvanced to permit the rack member to be fed forward one letter-space ata time, and the other of which dogs reciprocates in a direction oppositeto that in which the rack member is advanced to permit the rack memberto be fed forward an additional letter-space for double spacing,substantially as described.

36. In a type-writer esca-pement, the combination of two engagingmembers one of which can be spaced forward step by step and one of whichcomprises two letter-spacing elements, one of which elementsreciprocates in the direct-ion of the carriage-feed to permit the spacedmember to be fed forward one letter-space at atime, and the other ofwhich elements reciprocates in the direction of the carriage-feed topermit the spaced member to be fed forward an additional letter-spacefor double spacing, and means to prevent the said other element from soreciprocating when single spacing is required, substantially asdescribed.

37. In a type-writing machine, a keyboard in which there are acapital-letter shift-key and a period-key, the period-key beingimmediately behind the shift-key and normally above it, and havingsufcient play to bring it when depressed about to the level of theshift-key, substantially as described.

38. In atype-writing machine, a keyboard in which there are acapital-letter shift-key and a period-key, the period-key beingimmediatelybehind the shift-key and no rmally above it, and havingsufficient play to bring it when depressed about tothe level of theshift-key, and being' connected with a type-bearer on which is a periodpositioned to print in lower case, and being connected with spacingmechanism, substantially as described.

39. In a type-writer escapement comprising two engaging members one ofwhich is spaced with respect to and undercontrol of the other, means forbringing them into the relation necessary to effect the movement in thespacing, a latch for maintaining them in this relation until themovement is assured and means for throwing off the latch, substantiallyas described.

40. In a type-writer escapement comprising two engaging members one ofwhich is spaced with respect to and under control of the other, and oneof which has a part which reciprocates in the line of spacing, means forbringing them, into the relation necessary to effect the movement in thespacing, a latch for maintaining them in this relation until themovement is assured and a pin on the said reciprocatin g element whichcontacts with the latch and throws it off substantially as described.

4l. In a type-writer escapement the combination of two engaging memberswhich can be disengaged and rengaged and one of which can be spacedforward with respect to and under control of the other, means foroperating the two members together transversely, a spring contactingwith one of the members to hold it inoperative, means for operating theother member to effect the separation of the members, means foroperating the firstmentioned member to effect their rengagement,meansforeffecting the spacing by aid of these movements, substantially asdescribed.

42. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of two engagingmembers, one of which can be spaced step by step, and one of which isprovided with a moving part that engages with and is disengaged from theother member, means for feeding the spaced member in one direction,means for spacing the said moving pa rtin one direction,which two saidmeans are antagonistic upon the engagement of said moving part with thesaid other member, one at least of the said means acting upon the movingpart and tending to move it with a force varying at different periods ofsaid engagement, substantially as described.

43. In a type-writer escapement, the combination with a spaced memberand an escapement mechanism therefor having a moving part which isengaged with `and disengaged `from the spaced member, of two springs,acting in opposition upon the moving part of the escapement mechanismwhen the latter is in engagement with the spaced member, one of saidsprings tending to move the part with a force varying atdiiferentperiods of said engagement, substantially as described.

44. In a type-writer escapement, the combination with a spaced memberand an escape- IOO ment mechanism therefor having a moving part which isengaged with and disengaged from the spaced member, of a spring for feeding the spaced member, and a spring acting upon the movin g part ofthe escapem entwith a varying force, and in opposition to the firstnamed spring, at different periods of the engagement ofthe moving partand spaced member, substantially as described.

4-5. In an escapement, the combination of two pivoted dogs, each ofwhich moves upon its pivot and permits a part ot' the spacing movement,one of which has a normal central position irrespective of the positionof the other dog and can be moved to either side of said centralposition, and means operated by FREDERIC \V. HILL/XRD.

In presence of PAUL Goni-IAM, SAMUEL W. BALCH.

